Does the idea of equal opportunity demand or prohibit cultural and Essay

Does rise to circumstance request or preclude social and strict exclusions in the multicultural society - Essay Example Then again, it ought to be seen that in many nations around the globe the improvement of different legitimate and social morals depends on specific standards the most significant of which is uniformity; the particular guideline is regularly utilized by governments globally so as to legitimize their choices on an assortment of issues related with people’s every day life. The guideline of correspondence is additionally partitioned into sub-standards like the equivalent open door one. For the most part, it could be expressed equivalent open door ought to forbid the exceptions related with culture and choice inside present day social orders; obviously, there are situations where such exclusions ought to apply †when the standards for the improvement of these exceptions can't be connected with the guideline of equivalent chance (for example explicit strict exclusions dependent on the existed strict guidelines of a specific locale). So as to assess whether the rule of equivalent open door can be utilized so as to force or forbid social and strict exclusions in present day society it is important to allude principally to the general system of equivalent open door †as created in current states affected by the significant hypothetical and observational examinations on this field. Different issues, similar to the connection between the state and the congregation and the association of culture in the advancement of explicit social standards could be likewise analyzed. So as to comprehend the significance of equivalent of chance inside the cutting edge society and its collaboration with different social and social standards and morals, it is fundamental principally to allude to its importance and its attributes. As per a definition distributed by the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (2002, online adaptation) fairness of chance is a political perfect that is against standing progressive system however not to chain of importance essentially; the foundation supposition that will be that a general public contains a pecking order of more and less attractive, prevalent and sub-par positions’. The

Copper Mining :: Natural Resources Minerals Miners Essays

Copper Mining Copper mining has become a significant industry in today’s society. It is additionally one of man’s most seasoned business exercises. There are numerous means from finding a mine site to creating an item made of copper or a copper composite. The mining business has likewise had numerous significant improvements from the time the principal mine was shaped in Rio Tinto in 3000 B.C. The most punctual copper sources were globules and pieces of local copper found on the Earth’s surface. After we immediately depleted the restricted measure of local copper, we had to search underground for additional sources. It began as a straightforward and tiring procedure. In early civic establishments slaves would separate stone layers to discover copper, and different minerals. It would then be expelled from passages and little pits where it was found by hand. The principal critical forward leap in the mining procedure came when purifying was found. We have made considerable progress from those days. Today mining is a cutting edge industry containing numerous costly advances. The initial step is investigation, or finding a decent wellspring of copper. This can take somewhere in the range of 3 to 4 years and cost up to $7,000,000. Next is mine turn of events. This stage additionally takes 3 to 4 years yet costs substantially more, up to $75,000,000. The third stage is creating the mine. This expenses nearly $30,000,000 every year, and takes 9 to 21 years before it is finished. The last stage is called last recovery, enduring around 3 years and costing $27,000,000. These 4 phases apply to both of the 2 most fundamental types of copper minerals found in nature; sulfide metals and oxide metals. It is a convoluted procedure expelling the copper from these two minerals since it makes up just 1% of the stone material. Mining copper sulfide metals requires a crushing procedure to isolate the copper from the remainder of the stone. The initial step is to impact the mine and afterward pull the material to a copper metal factory.

Tips for Writing Scientific Papers

Tips for Writing Scientific Papers Among editors, I have the distinct advantage of having had a long, highly successful career as a scientific researcher, and having served as an editor and reviewer for several, high-profile scientific journals. I can tell you that there is no way to ensure, with one hundred percent certainty, that your paper is going to be accepted by any given journal.Having said this, I also must tell you that, in my career, I only have had one scientific paper which I failed to have published in a peer-reviewed scientific journal. In other words, it is important for you to realize that scientific journals WANT to publish good research. If your study has been well designed and orchestrated, irrespective of a positive or negative result, it is publishable. It is critical, therefore, not to let improper editing prevent you from having your papers accepted. What follows are a few tips, which stem from what I look for when reviewing a paper. You never know, one day I may be reviewing yours.Let me start with some very basic writing tips.While you, yourself, are editing your paper, read it out loud. This is something I always do and find extremely helpful.Never rush to submit a paper. Set yourself a pre-target date to have the paper written and edited, then let it sit a few days. Then pick it up and read it again. You will be surprised what changes you will think of.Never write and edit a paper without feedback from others. No matter how accomplished a writer you are, you are human. You cannot possibly think of everything that a group of reviewers will want to see. Nor can most writers pick up every potentially awkward phrase or sentence, every misspelling (even with spell checks, similar sounding words like there, their and there invariably become confused. I suggest that you have at least one other scientist in your field read your paper and one other scientist outside your immediate field read it. Why someone outside your field? Just remember that, quite possibly, at least one p erson reviewing your paper for the journal will have expertise somewhat distant from your own; if that reviewer cannot understand your writing, you may be sunk. Finally, I strongly suggest that you have a professional editor or another very meticulous writer read and edit it.Although you want all parts of your paper to be as strong as they can be, really, really make sure that its Methods and Materials section is meticulously written and edited, and that all data are presented clearly, both in the text and in easy-to-follow tables and figures. Rarely will a paper be rejected outright because of a weak Introduction or Discussion. The same is not true for weak Methods or Results.Now here are some specific tips for writing your Methods and Materials and your Results sections:Make sure that you have a very clearly stated primary hypothesis that is well justified by your introduction. This hypothesis should immediately follow the papers introduction and flow directly from it. Only after you have clearly stated your primary hypothesis or study objective, should you state or list your secondary hypotheses. Too often, I read papers in which every one of about ten different objectives is given equal importance. This is extremely confusing to reviewers and will lead them to believe that you never truly knew what you wanted to achieve. Also, the primary objective is the one which justifies your sample size.Make sure that it is very clear how you are going to analyze your data to meet each objective. When I am writing a research grant, the first thing I do is decide what my primary and secondary objectives are. Then I immediately sit down and plan my analysis scheme for each objective. This makes it easy later when I am doing the analysis on collected data and when I am writing a paper for submission. Most reviewers become extremely perplexed if they cannot draw a straight line between each objective and the analysis plan you have described. Make sure that none of your ob jectives is left without a clearly stated analysis plan. I find that using a matched numbering scheme for objectives and analyses can be very helpful. In other words, objective #1 will be met by using data analysis method #1, and so on.Dont forget to go back and fill in all the pertinent details that should fall between listing your objectives and describing your data analysis plan. The most frequently short-changed details in studies involving human subjects are those pertaining to subject recruitment. Describe in detail how subjects in each group (Treatment A, Treatment B, Placebo and so on) are recruited: from the clinic or from the community; randomly or consecutively; using a mailed questionnaire or by telephone using trained interviewers; and so on. Also, make sure that you list all of your inclusion and exclusion criteria. These lists are very important to reviewers.If you randomize subjects into subject groups, describe how. If subjects are blinded to treatment, describe how .Justify your sample size. A recent study of scientific papers published in the last decade found that the majority never had enough subjects to adequately answer the primary question being addressed. Because of this, current reviewers generally are very sensitive to ensuring adequate sample size. I find that this is a detail that is neglected in the majority of submissions, and such an oversight significantly weakens any paper (or grant) in which sample size is a potential issue.If your study involves the use of questionnaires, describe them and justify why you are using them. Have they been used by your research group or other researchers before? Have the questionnaires been published? Have they been scientifically validated? All of these details will strengthen your submission.Finally, avoid Tables and Figures that contain too much data. You DO NOT have to have all data both in the text and in a table or figure. Tables and Figures should be reserved for your most important data a nd/or data that are much more easily presented pictorially than in text.A scientific paper that flows well and is easy to read is much more likely to be accepted for publication than one which is disjointed, confusing and error-filled, irrespective of the scientific merit of the study described. Do not let your paper be rejected because of how it has been written. You already have worked far too hard to design your study and collect your data.

Short Story Rose, A Faithful Wife - 1080 Words

A faithful Wife At the same time as Rose is putting her finest to shield her family, her husband is creating disorders by enclosing relationships with numerous women as his approach to achieve liberty. This is a shocking fact for Rose and she questions her husband’s faithfulness and his readiness to keep their marriage intact. While Rose and Troy involves in a disagreement, Rose informs him about her daydreams and desires that she frequently refutes earlier. This reveals her choice to forfeit everything, even her own daydreams as a woman. Troy is her lone expectation, he is the man who she can trust and fulfill her dreams (Menson-Furr, pp. 17-50). She then sways him that after they got wedded, he is the most significant thing in her life. As Troy’s wife, she perceives him as her redeemer. Therefore she is keen to acknowledge him thoroughly, to be his companion and faithful to him. Though, Rose wishes to have a dutiful partner too, which her companion cannot become. In fact, Troy never comes home at time, have mistress and shortly going to have an illicit son from a woman named as Alberta. She observes that this situation has been around for a period of six months. Rose decides to keep on and look after her family as she apprehends that without her attention, other members of the family will not be able to keep the potency of dealing with the challenges. She perceives that it is her job as a mother and an honest wife to assure that her family remains intact. Whereas TroyShow MoreRelatedSir Arthur Conan Doyle - The Mastermind Writer1589 Words   |  7 PagesThe name of Arthur Conan Doyle has become synonymous with classic detective fiction. Doyle is the creator of two of the most well-loved and widely recognized fictional characters of modern literature—the brilliant detective Sherlock Holmes and his faithful friend and assistant Dr. John Watson. 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But each of the characters despite having different types of conflicts be it elemental, physical or psychological, all had toRead MoreJoy Luck Club2097 Words   |  9 PagesJoy Luck Club Plot The eight main characters of the movie all had to contend with different types of conflicts, some such as Waverlys Mother had to endure a type of social conflict from the 1st wife and other concubines, the unjust discrimination of the husbands family, while other characters such as Mei-mei had to endure a life of living under the shadow of Waverly. But each of the characters despite having different types of conflicts be it elemental, physical or psychological, all hadRead MoreThe Definition of Love1379 Words   |  6 Pagesof concepts into the term â€Å"love.† Love, in the terms of husband and wife, can be traced back to the beginning of the Bible: Then the Lord God made a woman from the rib he had taken out of the man, and he brought her to the man. The man said, â€Å"This is now bone of my bones and flesh of my flesh; she shall be called ‘woman,’ for she was taken out of man.† That is why a man leaves his father and mother and is united to his wife, and they become one flesh. (Gen. 2.22-24.). Furthermore, they serveRead MoreOthello: The Tragic Hero in Shakespeares Play1219 Words   |  5 Pageshis lieutenant, with Iago who was appointed to Othello’s ancient was very angry about this decision. Iago thinks he deserved the role of lieutenant and decides to seek revenge against Othello. Iago decides to put fake ideas of Desdemona, Othello’s wife, and Cassio’s affair into his head. Othello whose flawswho has flaws is overcome with these thoughts that he goes mad with jealousy and ends up killing Desdemona with his bare hands. Afterwards, the truth comes out that it was Iago who made up theseRead MoreAnalysis Of Flaubert s Madame Bovary, Toni Morrison s Sula Essay1857 Words   |  8 Pagesunending commitment to each another. 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School Shootings Are Becoming More Common - 1292 Words

The sweat was dripping down John’s face as he pushed the weights off his chest. Everyone ran towards their bags after a student said there was a gun in school. Twitter was the first source that everyone checked just to make sure. Boom! The door slammed open as Coach Ben yelled â€Å"Hurry up and get out†. John’s heart started beating faster and faster. No one knew what was going on. As students were running to the gym everyone was panicking and pushing each other. John could feel the burn on his elbow but he didn’t know what it was. When everyone got to the gym John’s elbow was covered in blood. Everyone was told to get down and stay quiet. Later on coach told everyone a student brought a gun to school and was planning on committing suicide.†¦show more content†¦Police lined up students in a Yolaah2 parking lot with their hands over their heads and searched them before they were bused with faculty to the nearby county fairgrounds, where cou nselors were available and some parents waited for their children† (Barnard). Less people would have died if students were not allowed to carry concealed weapons on campus. Because guns in school cause violence. Why would a student feel the need to carry a concealed weapon on campus? After all they’re headed to a â€Å"school† not a war zone. Idaho, Utah, Colorado, Kansas, Mississippi, Oregon, Texas, and Wisconsin are the only states that allow concealed weapons on campus. Arizona and other states let schools decide the policy on weapons. Guns on campus lead to violent shootings. Students with guns on campus are a threat to everyone. They cause others to feel unsafe and grab everyone’s attention. If a student argues with a fellow student and they both disagree something could go wrong. â€Å"Concealed carry laws have the potential to dramatically increase violent on college and university campuses† (Dickerson). If a school bans students to carry concealed weapons on campus there will be fewer chances of a shooting taking a place. Students participate in certain activities

The Rise of the Spring by Stravinsky Free Essays

I attended a symphony orchestra at Alexander Kasser Theater in Montclair State University on Wednesday, December 8th, 2010 at 7:30 pm. The program was approximately an hour and a half long, with two parts and a short intermission. The Rite of Spring (Le Sacre du printemps- 1913) by Igor Stravinsky (1882-1971) was performed. We will write a custom essay sample on The Rise of the Spring by Stravinsky or any similar topic only for you Order Now There was an assortment of musical energy in parts of the first section of the symphony with a quantity of sections constantly changing rhythms. I really enjoyed the piece, it was not too long to become fed up with and distracted. Listening to the piece made me feel adventurous in some points; not knowing what could happen next, almost like to a movie. The Rite of Spring is a piece that tells a story, where in order for spring to rise, a young female must be chosen before the sage and dance to death. This piece is full of paradox, the music is incredibly dynamic, loud and soft, startling and delicate, and dark and it is extravagant. The Rise of the Spring is textured in its irregular time signatures and instrumental diversity (trumpets, flutes, clarinets, bassoons, string arrangements, etc. ). There was a percussive use of strings, halting rhythms, and also irregular meters. The first act began with an opening solo of the Bassoon. Later on, half of the Violas played in B Minor when the other half played B Major, then the trumpets enter, causing a dramatic importance in the piece. The tones bounced off each other, making it sound much alike harmonically. Those strings would play in a strict rhythm together, suddenly following up with French horns. After the horns and trumpet, the music stops, â€Å"the chosen one† of the piece must become the sacrifice. Those famous measures have eleven quarter notes playing that show the glorification of â€Å"the chosen one†. Every glorification of every measure is basically in a different meter, and it is quite challenging to play as I witnessed. The very last quarter of the piece signifies the moment of death, having the double bass play four different pitches at the same time. Whether or not it was intentional on Stravinsky’s part, the notes were in order of D-E-A-D. It sounds quite irregular but also entwined to make the piece sound superior, which is why Igor was very clever in his time to make such a deep piece here. Without hesitation, I would see another symphony similar to Stravinsky’s The Rise of the Spring. How to cite The Rise of the Spring by Stravinsky, Essay examples

Pdf of Lenovo Article free essay sample

Major forces in the macro environment  ·Demographics forces Lenovo is the native enterprise of China and Chinese population is so large that the purchasing power in China is still very strong. In recent years, Lenovo mainly developed business in Russia, India and Brazil and we can find that these three countries are also the ones among the top 10 populous countries in the world. Considering the age trends, Generation X amp; Y are the main group of consumers. Especially after entering the 21th century, the number of customers who are over 50 years old is continuously growing. Cultural forces The young people are paying more attention to the leisure and spending more on such electronic products. This trend motivates Lenovo to innovate new products.  ·Political forces The scientific development concept, stated by General Secretary of the Communist Party of China, has a focus of ‘making the information industry bigger and stronger’. According to this, the Chinese politic al environment is favorable to the internationalization target of Lenovo. We will write a custom essay sample on Pdf of Lenovo Article or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page  ·Technological forces To be honest, Lenovo does not have a core technology. However with internationalization acquisitions of IBM, Medion and CCE, Lenovo has obtained some advanced techniques and gotten a better technological environment.  ·Natural forces The production bases of Lenovo are established respectively in Beijing, Shanghai and Huizhou which are cities with convenient transportation. Besides China has abundant natural resources which are beneficial to the manufacturing enterprises.  ·Economic forces The previous years’ international financial crisis lead to a worldwide market fluctuates strongly. Consumers spend less on IT and commercial PC in period of economic recession. 1. 2Major forces in the micro environment  ·Suppliers Lenovo introduced the management mode of Dell, making the suppliers build factories near the product department of Lenovo. They take a measure of ‘get the products when you need’ to let the suppliers share the risk and expenditure of storing components.  ·Competitors There are many famous IT companies in the world, such as, HP, Apple, Dell, Toshiba, Sony and Samsung. They are strong competitors to Lenovo. Some of the companies like Dell and Acer are trying their best to develop commercial and consumer market to attract customers. However, Lenovo took a study of new technology as the main work and ignored the market expansion for a long time since it improved its global recognition after purchasing IBM.  ·Customers The GDP per capita in China keeps growing these years with an accumulative fortune of customers. As we all know, buying power matters income, the more purchasing power, the more profit to native market. And there is another point that consumers are gradually changes from the enterprises into individual. By researching the characteristics of different customers and designing the approximate products which can meet their needs, Lenovo can establish a good long-time brand image in the mind of consumers.  ·Considering the rural customers nowadays, Lenovo has found that rural market will be a part of purchasing power in the future because these customers have strong brand awareness. And after the Consumer Electronics Subsidy Program, Lenovo have got brand impacts in the rural areas. 2. 2Positioning Lenovo’s positioning mainly considers the following factors:  ·Brand name Lenovo gave up its original trademark ‘Legend’ and changed it into ‘Lenovo’ in 2004. The new brand name ‘Lenovo’ is made up of ‘Le’ which is the prefixes of ‘Legend’ and ‘novo’ which has the meaning of ‘innovation’ in Latin. Hence, the new brand name represents the positioning of Lenovo’s target of being the legend in the IT market depending on innovation of products.  ·Competitive advantages Lenovo’s typical brand proposition is ‘more for the same’. Therefore, it has to have some competitive advantages that can leave customers greater value than the other companies. And the following factors are Lenovo’s main competitive advantages. (1) Lenovo divides their consumers into groups in detail and they have various products designing for different types of customers. (2) Lenovo has a big and high-quality technical team which has a number of researchers and engineers who are knowledgeable in designing new products. So they can ensure that the product is fashionable and fully functional. (3)They test the products according to the standard parameters strictly and then they can ensure the high quality of every product. Service By virtue of the high-tech means which is at the leading place in its field, Lenovo promise to provide pre-sale, sale and after-sale services to customers. Strategy analysis Customer Segmentation amp; product choice Lenovo divides their customers into five groups according to the scale of customers, such as, home amp; home office, small business, medium business, large enterprises and business partners. And then they also su bdivide the individual consumers into more detailed segmentation.  ·Geographic City customers amp; rural customers with a strong brand awareness in China -Customers from Europe, Asia and South America  ·Demographic -College students -Young ladies who are white-collars -Fashion gentlemen -Businessmen -Middle-aged person -Old people  ·Psychographics -Game players -People with no special needs Especially, Lenovo focus their attention on four main types of peopleyoung white-collars, game players, college students and rural people because they are the most representative among the customers. The white-collars pay attention to the quality of life, pursuing the products which are contracted but not simple. Therefore, Lenovo designed a new kind of laptop-‘ideapad Y’ for them because the products of serious of ‘idea’ initiate a life attitude of optimistic and joyful. The game players hope to release their pressure by playing the exciting games. So they need a kind of computer which has a wonderful function of image sound multimedia. And then Lenovo developed ‘ideacentre K’ and ‘ideapad Y550’ for them because of the HD screen and quad Core. And the main function of this web could be classified by 4 sections, which are introduction of products, online shop, solution for and services amp; warranty, simply but practical. The most important thing we notice is the online shop, since the great brand value, the online shop is an important area to build the customer confidence. Why people choose to buy product in the homepage shop not the other B2B or other online retail shop. The most important thing is the Trust! Because of the customer believes in the really enormous multinational company with a great brand value. So the online shop can not let them down, it is important for building brand value. At this aspect the Lenovo works well. Owe to a good management of supply chain, they keep a promise of deliver date on the online shop strictly, which leads to a good reputation of online sales service. Besides that, the brief introduction and picture of the item gives customer a really easy way to purchase product, so the homepage of the Lenovo accumulate a lot of customer trust recent years. Another online presence the Lenovo devote itself to is, as most big company does, the social communication. As the above picture, Lenovo chooses so many methods to showcase themselves and seize eye on it. Let’s make the Facebook of the Lenovo as an example. Since the majority of Facebook users are adolescences, the most attractive thing for them, usually, is the making open character. For that reasons, the Lenovo online presence pays much attention to the self-made video uploading system which aims at the customers and the potential customers who use the Facebook to express themselves. Many visitors are attracted by those, and via that video, they make a beautiful combination with the brand of Lenovo and the customer communication. In the meantime it leaves a greatly deep expression to the curious video-visitors and stimulating the consumption eventually. Besides that, actually the Lenovo Facebook constructs a great exchange platform for customers. They can share the experience of the product on it, find out the advantages and disadvantages of new product and get much useful information about secondhand product selling. And I successfully get a good suggestion on how to choose a functional PC via it, so I think it is the best thing I found on the online presence of Lenovo, a wonderful online community for the IT-lover! The last but least, an efficient customer feedback system really improve the company a lot. At this point I think the Lenovo need to do better, because I almost can not find any where to give some feedback to the company. At a short glance on the most of the online presence method of Lenovo, the wed always reflect a situation that if you have some words to tell them, the email is the only way you can choose. Even when you use the Facebook you still can not leave a feedback for them on the web directly, which I think is not humanity design at all. The international marketing strategic A background of the Lenovo Group Lenovo is a Chinese personal computer manufacturer that has grown to be the third largest personal computing company in the world. Since its acquisition of the IBM PC Division in 2005, Lenovo has been a player on the international stage, expanding its operations rapidly. By 2006, Lenovo had acquired and set up significant investments and centers in the United States, and had begun marketing Lenovo branded products outside China for the first time. There is a SWOT analysis for Lenovo recent year globe activities. SWOT analysis Strengths Lenovo’s major strengths lie in its current brand image and market share. On international scale, Lenovo ranks second in corporate sales. It shows tremendous capability for improvement, however, due to its superior reputation for high quality and high end products inherited from IBM. And for a long time till now, Lenovo always has a strong base in China, with a 29% share of China’s PC market. Weaknesses Since Lenovo is a fresh player in the international stage it has a lot of weaknesses in its outlook. In general, its manager team really needs professional market knowledge to be competitive with the HP and Dell. For many cases say that the Lenovo react slowly to the marketing changes. Opportunities It is the most important part of the global activities for the Lenovo, because it is a perfect timing of it to relieve bottleneck. In fact, managing a globe brand is really a hard work for a manage team, especially the Lenovo really lack of experience. However the acquisition of the CCE is a wonderful chance to raise it own reputation. A detail analysis is made via our group work. As the China PC market is increasing slower than it before 2008, the Lenovo need more oversea sale to make it up. Since the US economy suffers and the HP has a great market share in European Union, the Lenovo had to make an innovative progress. At this time, it does not let the chance go, the Lenovo choose to open up the Brazil PC marketing. As everybody knows the Brazil will be the host of the 2014 world cup and the 2016 Olympics games, which is a big time to develop the economy and showcase itself, at this time to exploit the market of South America not only to take an advantage of being a lead in this market but also has a great chance to raise it own brand in world scale.

Free Essays on Analyis Of Farewell To Arms

Hemingway’s A Farewell to Arms In Ernest Hemingway’s A Farewell to Arms Fredrick Henry’s lust eventually turns to love for Catherine Barkley. Fredrick Henry is an American who is studying architecture in Rome when WWI starts. He joins the Italian army and becomes an officer in charge of overseeing the ambulances in a small town a few miles from the front. He likes to drink rather heavily with the other officers and goes with them to the local bordello. Him and his friend Rinaldi often talk about girls and the women of the bordello. â€Å"Here now we have beautiful girls. New girls never been to the front before† (11). Henry is happy with his flings and does not think much about them except that they are fun. Rinaldi meets two new women, two English nurses at the hospital and have just arrived to the town. Rinaldi takes Henry to meet the two nurses. Henry then meets Catherine Barkley and at first is only interested in her physically like he is with the other girls. When he goes the next couple of afternoons to see her he acts like he is playing a game. One visit he tries to kiss her and gets slapped for it but this only worked to his advantage. â€Å"I was angry and yet certain, seeing it all ahead like the moves in a chess game† (26). He plays it off and is able to finally get a kiss from her.... Free Essays on Analyis Of Farewell To Arms Free Essays on Analyis Of Farewell To Arms Hemingway’s A Farewell to Arms In Ernest Hemingway’s A Farewell to Arms Fredrick Henry’s lust eventually turns to love for Catherine Barkley. Fredrick Henry is an American who is studying architecture in Rome when WWI starts. He joins the Italian army and becomes an officer in charge of overseeing the ambulances in a small town a few miles from the front. He likes to drink rather heavily with the other officers and goes with them to the local bordello. Him and his friend Rinaldi often talk about girls and the women of the bordello. â€Å"Here now we have beautiful girls. New girls never been to the front before† (11). Henry is happy with his flings and does not think much about them except that they are fun. Rinaldi meets two new women, two English nurses at the hospital and have just arrived to the town. Rinaldi takes Henry to meet the two nurses. Henry then meets Catherine Barkley and at first is only interested in her physically like he is with the other girls. When he goes the next couple of afternoons to see her he acts like he is playing a game. One visit he tries to kiss her and gets slapped for it but this only worked to his advantage. â€Å"I was angry and yet certain, seeing it all ahead like the moves in a chess game† (26). He plays it off and is able to finally get a kiss from her....

The German Lyrics for Edelweiss

The German Lyrics for 'Edelweiss' If youre a fan of the The Sound of Music, then you probably have the words to Edelweiss memorized. But if you only know the song in English, its time to learn how to sing it in  German. Edelweiss is more than just a sweet song from a classic musical. Its also a good  example of how songs are translated into different languages. Though it was written in English for a 1959 American musical set in Austria  that was adapted as a movie in 1965, German lyrics werent written until later. It might surprise you to learn that the translation isnt exact; in fact, its not even close, except in the general sentiment. Before we get into the translation, heres some background on the song. Edelweiss Isnt German or Austrian The first thing you should know about Edelweiss is that its not an Austrian or German song. The only thing German about it is its title and the alpine flower itself. The song was written and composed by two Americans:  Richard Rodgers  (music) and  Oscar Hammerstein II  (lyrics). Hammerstein had a German heritage- his grandfather, Oscar Hammerstein I, was born in what is now Poland to a German-speaking Jewish family- but the song is strictly American. In the film, Captain von Trapp (played by  Christopher Plummer) sings an emotional version of Edelweiss, a resounding, memorable rendition that may have contributed to the false idea that its the Austrian national anthem. The second thing  to know about  Edelweiss is that it, like The Sound of Music, is virtually unknown in Austria. Although Salzburg, Austria, bills itself as The Sound of Music City, customers for The Sound of Music tours include very few Austrians or Germans. Edelweiß der Liedtext (Edelweiss Lyrics) Music by Richard RogersEnglish Lyrics by  Oscar HammersteinDeutsch: UnknownMusical: The Sound of Music Edelweiss is a very simple song no matter which language you choose to sing it in. Its a great way to practice your German with a tune that you probably already know. Both the German and English lyrics are below. Notice how each language uses the songs rhythm and has  the same or nearly the same number of syllables per line. Both sets of lyrics have a romantic feel, not only in the meaning of the words  but also in how they sound. German Lyrics English Lyrics Direct Translation Edelweiß, Edelweiß, Edelweiss, Edelweiss, Edelweiss, Edelweiss Du grà ¼ÃƒÅ¸t mich jeden Morgen, Every morning you greet me You greet me every morning, Sehe ich dich, Small and white, I see you, Freue ich mich, clean and bright I am looking, Und vergess' meine Sorgen. You look happy to meet me. And I forget my worries. Schmà ¼cke das Heimatland, Blossom of snow Decorate the home country, Schà ¶n und weiß, may you bloom and grow, Beautiful and white, Blà ¼hest wie die Sterne. Bloom and grow forever. Flourishing like the stars. Edelweiß, Edelweiß, Edelweiss, Edelweis, Edelweiss, Edelweiss, Ach, ich hab dich so gerne. Bless my homeland forever. Oh, I love you so much. An  Example of How Songs Are Translated In translating songs, how they sound and flow with the music is more important than an exact transliteration of the words. Thats why the German translation is significantly different from  Hammersteins English lyrics. We dont know who wrote the German lyrics for Edelweiss, yet he or she did a good job of retaining the meaning of Hammersteins song. Its interesting to compare all three versions side by side so we can see how musical translations work.

Law of Tort. Majrowski v Guys and St. Thomas NHS Trust. Rylands v Coursework

Law of Tort. Majrowski v Guys and St. Thomas NHS Trust. Rylands v Fletcher - Coursework Example Therefore Ben is at liberty to pursue a claim against X Ltd. in tort for Amir’s harassment provided he can substantiate the requisite elements constituting harassment. The fact that Ben complained to management in the past and after the incident in which he was locked in a store closet will not exempt X Ltd. from liability under the principle of vicarious liability. Despite a formal warning, the harassment continued. The fact is, an employer can be vicariously liable even if the employer is not aware of the harassment leading to psychiatric injury. Since Ben can substantiate harassment for which the employer is vicarious liable under the House of Lords’ interpretation of the Protection from Harassment Act 1997 , Ben will have to prove that the harassment took place in the course of employment. An employer can only be held vicariously liable for the conduct of an employee during the course of employment. In this regard, the Salmond test is instructive. The Salmond test provides that: An employer will be liable not only for a wrongful act of an employee that he has authorized, but also for a wrongful and unauthorised mode of doing some act authorised by the master. 5 It can be inferred that since Ben complained in the past and Amir’s harassment only intensified, X Ltd. authorized the harassment and therefore Ben will be able to meet the definition of the Salmond test. As Lord Millett stated, the Salmond test would act as a guide for applying the law to different facts and circumstances.6 Vicarious liability under the Protection from Harassment Act 1997 broadens the Salmond test in that the employee need only be acting during work hours and in the workplace.7 Moreover, it was established in Jones v Tower Boot Co. Ltd., that the Salmond Test may not be applicable in cases of harassment. The Salmond test may only be applicable in cases where an employee’s tortious conduct is directed toward a third party. However, when the employee’s conduct is d irected toward another employee, the employer will not escape liability. In this regard, the phrase â€Å"in the course of employment† will be interpreted liberally.8 In the final analysis, the test to be applied in establishing vicarious liability, is whether or not the behaviour complained of was such that it had an impact on the victim’s ability to perform his duties. Essentially, what this means is that once the harassment occurs during working hours and more especially in the workplace, the employer will be liable.9 In any event, there is no doubt that the bullying and/or harassment committed by Amir, did have an impact on Ben’s ability to work. He took three weeks off work and upon his return was subjected to further bullying which rendered Ben unable to return to work. Therefore in all the circumstances, Ben has a claim against his employer, X Ltd. for harassment at work under the principles of vicarious liability. B. Amir Section 1 of the Protection from Harassment Act 1997 provides for a new head of civil/tort claims in respect of harassment. Civil/tortious liability will arise when a person embarks upon a â€Å"course of conduct† that â€Å"amounts to harassment of another†. Although harassment is not defined by the 1997 Act, the House of Lords ruled that harassment would include causing anxiety or distress†. In fact, Section 3 of the 1997 Act permits the recovery of damages in respect of anxiety and distress resulting from harassment. Moreover Section 7 (2) provides that harassment includes â€Å"alarming the person or causing the person distress†. Section 7(2) would certainly include the silent telephone calls as well as the false report that Ben’s wife was in the emergency room of the hospital. On the facts of the case for discussion, Ben has certainly suffered what can be described as anxiety or distres

Problems in Education Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Problems in Education - Research Paper Example Statement of the Problem The problem in the United States is that students studying mathematics are far behind those of most other industrialized nations, there are only a few which are the same or worse off than the United States. Thus, the United States has to find a way to improve its overall scores. And back in 1998, the Clinton administration earmarked an additional $25 million over the 1998 U.S. budget to help schools integrate technology into the curriculum and for technology training for teachers. (Chaika, 2006) This allowed for the United States to start the process of possibly catching up to other world powers when it comes to the education of students in the core subjects. Purpose of the Study The purpose of the research for this study is to show that technology can positively affect the learning process of 8th graders in a Tennessee middle school. Furthermore, this study will show whether or not the use of whiteboards improved the scores of the students from the initial p re-test to the post test taken at the end of the observational study. Importance of the Study Since the Clinton administration set aside $25 million back in 1998 to help teachers and school districts across the United States to improve their scores through the use of today’s modern technology. Integrating the technology into the everyday routine for use by a teacher and a student was the Clinton administration’s key to their Education Reform in 1998. The importance of the study will show just how the technology affects the learning through student interaction and through testing of their skills before and after the use of whiteboards are implemented into the classroom. Definition of Terms whiteboard: technological board which can show... The problem statement for this study is that students in the United States studying mathematics are far behind those of most other industrialized nations, there are only a few which are the same or worse off than the United States. Thus, the United States has to find a way to improve its overall scores. And back in 1998, the Clinton administration earmarked an additional $25 million over the 1998 U.S. budget to help schools integrate technology into the curriculum and for technology training for teachers. This allowed for the United States to start the process of possibly catching up to other world powers when it comes to the education of students in the core subjects. Since the Clinton administration set aside $25 million back in 1998 to help teachers and school districts across the United States to improve their scores through the use of today’s modern technology. Integrating the technology into the everyday routine for use by a teacher and a student was the Clinton administ ration’s key to their Education Reform in 1998. The importance of the study will show just how the technology affects the learning through student interaction and through testing of their skills before and after the use of whiteboards are implemented into the classroom. There are multiple procedures used in this research study. This study takes a sample size of 130 students from one particular teacher’s Eighth Grade Mathematics classes within a Tennessee middle school as they use whiteboards for their studies and class interaction. The observational study will collect data from the initial pretest and the concluding posttest. Once the data is collected, it will be analyzed.

Newton Raphson Method Example

Newton Raphson Method Example INTEGRATED AC/DC POWER SYSTEM USING MODIFIED NEWTON-RAPHSON LOAD FLOW ANALYSIS ABSTRACT The Newton-Raphson method or the other name called Newton Method, is a powerful technique for solving equations numerically. Like so much of the differential calculus, it is based on the simple idea of linear approximation. The Newton Method, properly used, usually homes in on a root with devastating efficiency. In this research, the Newton-Raphson method load flow analysis will be modified. It is modified to attain compatibility for the AC/DC systems with unified DC links in the ac network. The modified Jacobian equation includes the DC real and reactive power at the AC/DC buses and their dependency on the AC system variables. The AC/DC test system with a load flow computation in MATLAB will be evaluated by using modified Newton-Raphson method. INTRODUCTION Electric power transmission was primitively developed with direct current. The availability of transformers and the development and of induction motors at the beginning of the 20th Century, led to greater appeal and use of AC transmission. The research and development on multi-electrode grid controlled mercury arc valve for high powers and voltages was carried out in 1929. There use in conversion processes for transmission and frequency changing was carried out in 1930’s. DC transmission now became practical when long distances were to be covered or where cables were required. After the Second World War, the research on HVDC got stimulated, particularly in Sweden and in Russia. In 1950, a 116 km experimental transmission line was commissioned from Moscow to Kasira at 200 kV [1]. HVDC transmission is now an integral part of the delivery of electricity in many countries throughout the world. In view of rapid growth in demand and supply of electricity, electric power system is becoming increasingly large and more complex. Moreover, regular electric supply is the sheer necessity for growing industry and other fields of life. The power industry planners are demanding stronger trend towards supplying electric power of higher quality by improving the system security and its impact on environment in parallel with pursuit of economy. In real life situation, the criterion of perfection is never met, because there are deviations between the model and reality. Load flow and state estimation analysis are important tools for deciding the stable operation and control of power system as well as future planning of power systems [2, 3]. The first commercial HVDC line built in 1954 was a 98 km submarine cable with ground return between the island of Gotland and the Swedish mainland [4]. Thyristors were applied to DC. Transmission in the late 1960’s and solid state valves became a reality. In 1969, a contract for the Eel River DC. Link in Canada was awarded as the first application of sold state valves for HVDC transmission [4]. PROBLEM STATEMENT Why use DC transmission in the transmission system? This question often asked by the people. Some of people are response that the losses will are lower. Unfortunately, the answer given not correct. Therefore, the level of losses is planed into a transmission system and modulate by the selected conductor size. Either as overhead transmission lines or submarine cables can have lower losses but at higher expense since the larger cross-sectional area will generally result in lower losses but cost more for the DC and AC conductors. It is mostly by economic choice, when converters are used for DC transmission in preference to AC transmission driven by one of the following reasons: An overhead DC transmission line with its towers can be designed to be less costly per unit of length than an equivalent AC line designed to transmit the same level of electric power. However it is more costly at each end of the DC converter stations than the terminating stations of an AC line. Therefore, there is a breakeven distance above which the total cost of DC transmission is less than its AC transmission alternative. Lower visual profile can have by the DC transmission line than an equivalent AC line. Indeed, it lead to a lower environmental impact. There are other environmental advantages to a DC transmission line through the electric and magnetic fields being DC instead of ac. The breakeven distance is lesser than overhead transmission, if transmission is by submarine or underground cable. It is not practicable to consider AC cable systems exceeding 50 km but DC cable transmission systems are in service with length which is in hundreds of kilometers and even distances greater than or equal 600 km have been considered executable. Neighboring networks are not synchronized with some AC electric power systems even though their physical distances between them are quite small. This situation occurs in Japan. It is 60 Hz network for half the country and the 50 Hz system for the other side. It is physically impossible to connect the both of them together by direct AC methods in order to exchange electric power between them. Nevertheless, it is likely to transfer the needed power flow even though the AC systems, if a DC converter station is located in each system with an interconnecting DC link between them indeed connected remain asynchronous [1]. OBJECTIVES The main objectives of this research are: To study the Newton-Raphson method for the load flow analysis. To modified the Newton-Raphson method to attain compatibility for AC/DC systems with integrated DC links in the AC network. SIGNIFICANT OF STUDY Load flow study is a crucial tool that involve with the numerical analysis applied to a power system. A power flow study usually uses simplified notation such as a one-line diagram and per-unit system and focuses on various forms of AC power (i.e. voltages, voltage angles, real power and reactive power) [5]. Normal steady-state operation is how the power system is analyze. Exist a few number of software implementations of power flow studies. Load flow analysis is probably the most important of all network calculations since it concerns the network performance in its normal operating conditions. It is performed to enquire the magnitude and phase angle of the voltage at each bus and the real and reactive power flows in the system components. The important of this study is to attain compatibility for AC/DC systems with integrated DC links in the AC network by using the modification of the Newton-Raphson power flow analysis method. SCOPE OF WORK The scope of this research is to analyze IEEE test system with the modified Newton-Raphson algorithm that will be develop and to solve the HVDC link power system load flow. This algorithm will be develop from the Newton-Raphson equation and some other equation from the DC link equations. The Jacobian equation for the AC power flow is altered to attain compatibility for systems with integrated DC link(s) in the AC network. Treated as voltage dependent PQ-buses are the converters. This grant the DC variables to be included in the power flow equations. Both the AC network and the DC link will be comprise by the new residual vector and Jacobian matrix [6]. LITERATURE REVIEW The studies of integrated ac/dc power system, their advantages and analysis of load flow in integrated ac/dc power system and their implementation is much developed here the literature review on these aspects is briefly summarized as: K. Ayan, U. Arifoglu, U. Kilic represent the Load Flow (LF) analysis of pure AC power systems is solved saperately. It is by numerical analysis methods and the heuristic methods. The load flow of integrated ac/dc power systems only has been implementing by numerical methods so far. A lot of methods to implement load flow analysis of integrated ac/dc power systems in literature. Examples of these methods are Newton-Raphson, Fast Decoupled and Broyden. By using Genetic Algorithm the consecutive load flow analysis of AC/DC system is implemented. The suggest method is examine on IEEE 9-bus test system. Heuristic method is apply for load flow analysis of the integrated AC/DC power systems for the first time [7]. Panosyan and Oswald presented the model of a two-terminal HVDC link and its integration into the Newton-Raphson method for the load flow analysis taking into consideration the control strategies of the HVDC converter stations. It is suggested that the simplest way of integrating a dc link into the ac load flow is by representing it by constant active and reactive power injections at the two terminal buses in the ac systems. Thus the two terminal ac/dc buses are delineate as a PQ-bus with a constant voltage independent active and reactive power [8]. Sanghavi and Banerjee suggested a sequential approach for performing the load flow analysis of an integrated ac/dc power system. In this approach a simplified model of the dc link has been developed and the means of integrating the link equation with a standard ac load flow program has been explained. in this model minimum amount of modifications have been made with a standard ac load flow program [3]. Mobarak presented the well-known Newton-Raphson method for the load flow analysis of system consisting of HVDC link. The original NR method is modified to attain compatibility for AC/DC systems with integrated DC links in the AC network. The altered Jacobian equation includes the DC real and reactive power at the AC/DC buses and the dependency on the AC system variables [9]. Marsafawy and Mathur proposed a new method for the load-flow calculations of, integrated AC/DC systems. They proposed use of fast decoupled load flow method, which handles all AC/DC equations simultaneously, and fully exploits the sparsity techniques. They have shown application of the technique on two systems. The systems are one with a point to-point DC transmission and the other with a 3-terminal mesh HVDC sub-system. It was a fast technique for load-flow studies of an integrated AC/DC system [10]. Â   METHODOLOGY Definition of Terms/Concepts MATLAB: MATLABÂ ®is a high-level language and interactive environment for numerical computation, visualization, and programming. Using MATLAB, data can be analyze, develop algorithms, and create models and applications. The language, tools, and built-in math functions enable us to explore multiple approaches and reach a solution faster than with spreadsheets or traditional programming languages. Newton-Raphson Equation: Power flow equations formulated in polar form. Expressing in polar form; Separating the real and imaginary parts; Expanding equation above in Taylors series The Jacobian matrix; DC Link Equation: Suppose the rectifier maintains constant current (CC), the inverter operates with constant extinction angle (CEA), maintaining adequate commutation margin under normal operation. That is: If we assume the rectifier maintains constant current (CC), the inverter operates with constant voltage (CV), maintaining adequate commutation margin under normal operation. That is: CONCLUSION In a nutshell, the objective of this study will be achieved after all the research have been done. The Newton-Raphson method will be study and will be applied in the load flow analysis. Then, the Newton-Raphson method will be modified and applied in the AC/DC systems with the integrated DC links in the AC network to achieve it compatibility. The research will able to make the calculation for the AC/DC systems with integrated DC links in the AC network become easy. A new method to include dc systems in power flow calculations will be proposed. The method is more efficient than previous methods and more importantly, the method is easy to implement and developments of ac power flow solution techniques can be combined with the other method. REFERENCES [1]D. A. Woodford, HVDC transmission, Manitoba HVDC Research Centre, pp. 400-1619, 1998. [2]J. Arrillaga and P. Bodger, Integration of h.v.d.c. links with fast-decoupled load-flow solutions, Electrical Engineers, Proceedings of the Institution of, vol. 124, pp. 463-468, 1977. [3]H. A. Sanghavi and S. K. Banerjee, Load flow analysis of integrated AC-DC power systems, in TENCON 89. Fourth IEEE Region 10 International Conference, 1989, pp. 746-751. [4]H. Sato and J. Arrillaga, Improved load-flow techniques for integrated a.c.-d.c. systems, Electrical Engineers, Proceedings of the Institution of, vol. 116, pp. 525-532, 1969. [5]S. Gupta and S. K. Jain, Power flow analysis of system with HVDC link, 2012. [6]O. Osaloni and G. Radman, Integrated AC/DC systems power flow solution using Newton-Raphson and Broyden approaches, in System Theory, 2005. SSST05. Proceedings of the Thirty-Seventh Southeastern Symposium on, 2005, pp. 225-229. [7]K. Ayan, U. Arifoglu, and U. Kilic, Integrated AC/DC systems Load Flow using Genetic Algorithm, in Power Engineering and Optimization Conference (PEOCO), 2011 5th International, 2011, pp. 404-409. [8]A. Panosyan and B. Oswald, Modified Newton-Raphson load flow analysis for integrated AC/DC power systems, in Universities Power Engineering Conference, 2004. UPEC 2004. 39th International, 2004, pp. 1223-1227. [9]Y. A. Mobarak, Notice of Violation of IEEE Publication PrinciplesModified load flow analysis for integrated AC/DC power systems, in Power System Conference, 2008. MEPCON 2008. 12th International Middle-East, 2008, pp. 402-405. [10]M. M. El-Marsafawy and R. M. Mathur, A New, Fast Technique for Load-Flow Solution of Integrated Multi-Terminal DC/AC Systems, Power Apparatus and Systems, IEEE Transactions on, vol. PAS-99, pp. 246-255, 1980.

Year Round Education Program

Imagine a child, on a hot summer day†¦ no baseball, no swimming, no picnics or amusement park rides. Instead of spending time doing all of the things kids like to during summer vacations, this child, is attending school. Year round education (YRE) has been around since 1904, with 3,000 schools and 2 million students currently using the program (National Association). Students in year round schools go to school the same 180 days that traditional schools attend. In YRE, the summer vacation is eliminated, replacing it with shorter, more frequent breaks. There is a number of ways the year round school can operate, including: 90/30, 45/15, and 60/20. The most popular of these calendars is the 45/15, where the year is divided into 4 nine week terms, separated by 4 three week vacations (National Association). YRE has been a debated issue in education almost since it began. Supporters of YRE say this schedule improves the learning process. The biggest debate, however, comes from the parents and teachers who believe there are no proven studies that YRE helps the learning process at all. So, is year round schooling a good choice for the education of your children? YRE will not only hurt the education system, but it will create chaos for the lives of the students attending and their families. Supporters of YRE believe year round schools are more cost effective than traditional schools. With population in some districts rising rapidly, YRE is said to reduce overcrowding of schools and classrooms. In many cases, school calendars are changed in response to population growth. By running schools all year, districts can pack in more students and postpone building new schools (Endless Summer). Supporters of YRE say that by staggering vacations and schedules, schools can increase capacity by 25-50 percent (Should Kids go). Supporters argue that the costs for the transition form a traditional calendar to year round schools are modest compared to the construction costs of new schools (Inger, Morton). However, those against YRE feel that expenses will only be reduced temporarily. According to a â€Å"Year Round Education Study† conducted by the Lewisville, Texas Independent School District, â€Å"Findings of a year-long study concluded that there is no financial benefit to operating a Single Track System. The system would cause a modest increase in operational expenses without providing any instructional benefits† (Time to Learn). In Iowa, the Carroll School Board found that the costs of the district moving to a year round education system could range from $16,786 to $32,412. Taylor Elementary School, in Cedar Rapids, spends more money according to the classroom teachers that any other elementary school. Schools in Davenport reported that the switch to YRE will cost an additional $36,000 in salaries, $3000 per year for equipment, and supplies, and $22,300 as a one time expense for teacher training. Plus, the move to YRE would also cost the district an extra $92,626 to fully air condition the school building. In Des Moines, Moulten schools spend about $80,000 annually for year round schooling. If YRE were implemented, Indianola school districts would spend an additional $3,655 for middle school and $5,000 for elementary school to pay for the additional secretarial, administrative, and custodial time during the summer (Time to Learn). Costs will not only be incurred with the schools, but also with the state and with taxpayers. Cost savings for one of these groups may create cost increases for the other (Naylor, Charlie). Contrary to what supporters of YRE claim, there are definitely extra costs to implementing and maintaining a year round education system. Supporters of YRE say that year round schools would promote continuous learning. The belief is that students forget a lot of what they learn while on long summer vacations. This is seen more in slower learning students and for those who know English as their second language. It is also thought that because students retain more when the learning process is interrupted for only short periods of time, teachers in year round schools need to spend less time reviewing pre-vacation material (Inger, Morton). Although this seems true, opponents believe that there is research that needs to be addressed. Mary Lee Smith and Gene V. Glass have done extensive research in year round schools since 1974. In a study conducted by Smith and Glass, in a school district in Colorado, the learning loss in the students was evaluated. They found that although teachers in year round schools spent less time reviewing pre-vacation material than teachers in traditional schools did, the actual achievement differences were insignificant on tests designed specifically to measure district objectives (Glass, Gene V). According to Don Patterson, a member of the Albuquerque, New Mexico School Board that tried and rejected year round schooling, â€Å"Short term memory loss is very acute. Studies show that the only discernible summer loss occurs in the first two to three weeks. So, by introducing all these multiple breaks, all you†re doing is maximizing forgetting. † It has also been proven that forgetting and relearning are part of the learning process. Gaps in student†s learning begin with loss of context retention in the subject area, which begins within 24-48 hours, unless the new information is reinforced or applied immediately. After a month without reinforcement, about 80% of what a student has learned is recently lost. Research indicates what we retain depends on student motivation and teacher-effectiveness and isn†t limited to a time factor (Time to Learn). It is quite obvious that YRE does not improve the learning process, as those who support YRE claim. Supporters of the year round school system believe there are many benefits in the program for students and teachers. Advocates of YRE say families have greater flexibility in planning vacations that often cost less. Parents that support YRE feel that the shorter, more frequent vacations allowed students to remain focused and enthusiastic (Prisoners of Time). Angie Maniscalco, a 5th grade student at Fairmount Elementary in St. Louis, says, â€Å"Kids should go to school nine weeks and be off three because, kids get bored in the summer. They get sick of swimming every single day going skating or basically doing anything. I go to school for nine weeks, then get off three† (Should Schools). Supporters also believe parents who are working outside the home can take advantage of year-round care for their children. Teachers that support the idea of YRE feel that the more frequent breaks reduce burnout, and that the frequent breaks during the school year enable teachers to visit and learn from other programs and other teachers (Prisoners of Time). Those against YRE have different views about what year-round schooling will do for the students and the teachers. In year round schools, middle, elementary and high school students often have different schedules. While vacationing in the off-season may work well, when children are on different schedules, vacations can be more of a problem. YRE can certainly disrupt family life. With different ages of students, vacations are difficult to schedule. For example, children on non-traditional schedules may miss out on Boy Scout Camp, because their summer vacation falls in the month of August and the activity is programmed for July. School activities can suffer as well. One study found that band, chorus, drama, and student government were particularly hit hard (Never Ending School). While there may be some benefits to YRE, it is obvious that there are many situations where the year round calendar will cause confusion in the lives of those involved. Perhaps the most debated issue in YRE is that of the achievement scores. Supporters of YRE claim that student performance in year round schools is much greater. They believe that year round schools will yield higher achievement scores that traditional schools. Many advocates for YRE claim there are studies by the National Association for Year Round Education that report that year round schools have a very positive impact on student grades. Although supporters boast high achievement scores on tests, and higher student grades, those against YRE disagree (Year Round Education: Is). Critics of YRE say there is no evidence for higher academic gains under YRE as compared to traditional schools. Studies and test scores repeatedly show little improvement by students in year round schools. When test scores do increase, many educators hesitate to attribute increases to the new calendar (Time to Learn). Many of these studies, have been conducted by the National Association for Year Round Education (NAYRE), a highly biased organization, whose consultants earn significant amounts of income by promotion YRE. Robert Rosenfield, a systems analyst from Potomac, Maryland, was so concerned at what he considered to be misrepresented data by the NAYRE that he analyzed a substantial number of YRE evaluations in a 1994 paper. He concluded, â€Å"Each study presented in the NAYRE review has either been incompletely characterized, or otherwise contradicted by other studies within the same state or district. Nothing in the NAYRE review demonstrates any academic achievement gain by changing to a year-round calendar. In a 1993 Resnik study of Oakland Unified School District, California, concluded, â€Å"Students at year-round schools show on average a lower academic achievement level than those at other schools, and their achievement has decreased for the period, while it increased for schools in the regular calendar. † Overall, as you can see, there is little difference in student achievement between year-round and traditional calendars (Year Round Education: Is). As evidence has shown, year round education will not improve the education of our children. YRE will cost more money for schools. YRE will not promote continuous learning. YRE won†t create benefits for students and teachers, but will create chaos in the lives of the people around them. Achievement scores in schools with YRE will not increase, but in fact, in some cases, get worse. A few spoken views on YRE say it best. Sheila Duty Gibson says, â€Å"Many students show that year-round schools do not improve education. Changing the days students attend school does not address what many believe are the real problems in education such as a lack of parental involvement, teacher development, effective teaching methods and curriculum. An anonymous editorial in a North Carolina newspaper says, â€Å"It†s time to face the truth. The year-round schedule is a personal preference, not the answer to our educational problems. Year-round school doesn†t work for everyone. † Executive Editor of Elizabethton Star in Tennessee, said it well when he said, â€Å"Summertime offers our youngsters an extended time to experience life in such a way that will never again be afforded. If we are going to do anything with respect to school scheduling, we should extend the summer vacation to Labor Day† (Time to Learn).

A Darwinian Reading of Great Expectations - 700 Words

A Darwinian Reading of Great Expectations Goldie Morgentaler, assistant professor of English at the University of Lethbridge, compares Charles Dickens’s Great Expectations with Charles Darwin’s The Origin of Species, suggesting that a Darwinian influence can be found within its text. Morgentaler argues her point using the time the two books were written and the sudden disregard of heredity as a formative influence of human identity in Dickens’s writing. Morgentaler’s arguments are somewhat weak in evidence but I agree that it probably isn’t a coincidence that Dickens’s writing on this subject matter changed around the same time as Darwin’s book was published. I will engage some of the points that I thought were strongest in favor†¦show more content†¦With it being â€Å"in everybody’s hands† there is little doubt that Dickens had not heard about or even talked with others about this very controversial topic an d book. Another piece of strong evidence was in Dickens’s journal, All the Year Round, where there were anonymous pieces published with Darwinian themes. Another strong piece of evidence was that a copy of Darwin’s book was found in Dickens’s library after his death (709). While all of this may be coincidence and circumstantial, Morgentaler did give stronger textual evidence for her argument. There are concepts that have broad evolutionary implications that Morgentaler says gives Great Expectations reasons for having a Darwinian reading. Morgentaler says, â€Å"†¦The idea of the primitive or low and its relationship to ‘civilized’ society; the idea of adaptation, of what is fit and not fit; and, finally, the conception of time as moving in one direction only—into the future—rather than being a reanimation of the past† (712). In the case of Pip and Magwitch money has replaced hereditary DNA. According to Morgentaler, à ¢â‚¬Å"In this father-son relationship, money substitutes for semen as the stuff out of which life is created† (712). It was not hereditary that made Pip a gentleman, but a convict with money. The same can be said of Estella and Miss Havisham—Estella became what her adopted mother trained her to be. It has turnedShow MoreRelated Darwinism in Great Expectations by Charles Dickens Essay examples1550 Words   |  7 Pages Few people argue that Great Expectations, one of Dickens’s later novels, is a Darwinian work. Goldie Morgentaler, in her essay â€Å"Meditating on the Low: A Darwinian Reading of Great Expectations,† is one of those few. 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Quantifier - Definition and Examples

In grammar, a quantifier is a type of determiner (such as all, some, or much) that expresses a relative or indefinite indication of quantity. Quantifiers usually appear in front of nouns (as in all children), but they may also function as pronouns (as in All have returned). A complex quantifier is a phrase (such as a lot of) that functions as a quantifier. Examples and Observations I believe that every person is born with talent.  (Maya Angelou)Most of the people who will walk after me will be children, so make the beat keep time with short steps. (Hans Christian Andersen, in the instructions for the music for his funeral)Many books require no thought from those who read them, and for a very simple reason: they made no such demand upon those who wrote them. (Charles Caleb Colton, Lacon, or Many things in Few Words, 1820)All politicians should have three hats: one to throw into the ring, one to talk through, and one to pull rabbits out of if elected. (Carl Sandburg)Ive had a lot of worries in my life, most of which never happened. (attributed to Mark Twain, among others) Meanings of Quantifiers Quantifiers can be classified in terms of their meaning. Some quantifiers have a meaning of inclusiveness. That is, they refer to an entire group. Both refers to two members of a group of two, few to a subgroup of the entire group, and all to the totality of members of a group of unspecified size. Every and each refer to single members of a group. The difference between all, a few, and both on the one hand and each and every, is reflected in subject-verb agreement​Other quantifiers are noninclusive and have a meaning related to size or quantity. These quantifiers can be classified by the relative size they indicate. For example, many and much refer to large quantities, some to a moderate quantity, and little and few to small quantities . . .. (Ron Cowan, The Teachers Grammar of English: A Course Book and Reference Guide. Cambridge University Press, 2008) Partitives and Quantifiers: Agreement There is, in fact, a somewhat fuzzy distinction between partitive structures and inclusives and Quantifiers formed with of. In a clause such as a lot of students have arrived it is the noun students which determines number agreement on the Finite (have - plural). It is not normally possible to say *a lot of students has arrived. Therefore students is the head of the noun group and a lot of is a complex Quantifier. Similarly, it is also normal to say a number of students have arrived not a number of students has arrived, that is, to treat a number of as a complex Quantifier. . . .For beginning learners, it may be best to introduce expressions such as a lot of and a number of as complex Quantifiers but in other cases to err on the prescriptive side and encourage agreement with the noun preceding of. (Graham Lock, Functional English Grammar. Cambridge University Press, 1996) Count Nouns, Mass Nouns, and Quantifiers Count nouns (e.g. diamond, bottle, book, board, waiter, table, cat, bush, truck, house) and mass nouns (e.g. gold, coffee, paper, wood, meat, air, water, coal, smoke, blood, wine) differ grammatically in the range of articles and quantifiers they occur with. For instance, count nouns occur with the indefinite article a but not with the complex quantifier a lot of: a diamond, *a lot of diamond. Mass nouns do the opposite: a lot of gold, *a gold. (Ronald W. Langacker, Linguistic Manifestations of the Space-Time (Dis)Analogy. Space and Time in Languages and Cultures: Language, Culture, and Cognition, ed. by Luna Filipović and Katarzyna M. Jaszczolt. John Benjamins, 2012) Zero Plurals After numerals or quantifiers, count nouns may have a zero plural (the same form as in the singular): thirty year, many mile.​  (Sidney Greenbaum, Oxford English Grammar. Oxford University Press, 1996) Also Known As: quantifying determiner